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This item is an interview of Annie Beaulieu, recorded February 3, 1994 in Hay River, likely by Margaret Bearard. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. Annie Beaulieu was born April 30, 1934 in Rocher River, the daughter of Judith Cree and Charlie Giroux. She was raised by her stepfather, Francois King. Chipewyan was the language used at her home. Her maternal grandparents were Joseph Cree and Louise Smith. Her paternal grandmother, Anna, lived in Rat River and had a small store. Annie speaks about being raised in the bush, with hunting and trapping to make a living, and chores like getting wood, hauling water, doing laundry, and scrubbing the floor. Annie learned to sew, bead, and embroider from her mother. She started attending school at the age of 14 and reached grade 3. Annie worked for the mission in Fort Resolution for a couple of summers. Annie married Jim Beaulieu, who was from Fort Resolution. Annie speaks about tuberculosis, traditional medicines, Chief Samuel Simon, clothing, and entertainment, including dances and feasts. She mentions that people seem to be drinking alcohol more now. Some of Annie's responses are unclear due to background white noise.

This item is a series of nine short stories told by Bill Lafferty while on a boat trip on the Mackenzie River as he points out places of historical interest and speaks about the people connected to them. The original source item is side A of a 120 minute audio cassette. The stories have been edited and fiddle music added as an introduction, background, and conclusion to most of the segments. The first story is about Pete McEwan who lived by the delta of the North Nahanni and died after falling through the ice. Pete was an Irish Republican who spent 40 years trading with the Indigenous people of the area before his death. The second story centres on an area of high cliffs near where his uncle and father used to have beaver hunting camps, cabins, and trails from Carlson Lake Pass. Bill also speaks about Mount Camsell, where a face can be seen, thus giving the Indigenous name that a human spirit sits there. The third story focuses on the area near Berry Island and Carlson Creek, where Helge Carlson, a Swede, had a trading post. Bill makes special mention of Carlson's wife's gravesite, which is still cared for, and the fate of his two children who had been sent to Sweden for schooling. The fourth story centres on Julian Hardisty's Spring camp. Bill provides information on Julian's identity as a Metis man and his trapping locations and indicates that old stumps he cut and his beaver stretchers can still be found in the woods. Bill relates the fifth story at a bench Harry McGuerin (spelling?) used to cut wood. Bill discusses woodlots in general and the use of wood on steamboats, as well as providing personal details about McGuerin. The sixth story is about Ocher River and the origin of its name. Bill explains the use of the ochre clay in chinking cabins and also talks about a man panning for gold in the Ocher River. The seventh story centres on a strip of lime visible on one of the cliffs they pass on the river. Bill describes how such a landmark would be used by old river pilots to determine their distance from shore and also discusses the use of lime in building fireplaces. The eighth story centres on the location of old Fort Norman. Bill also talks about voyageurs and tracking along the sand beaches in the area when there was no wind. The final story is about an area where coal veins can be seen in the bank. Bill talks about the coal mine shaft that used to be there and the use of coal for the steamboats on the Mackenzie River.

This item is an interview of John Bouvier, likely recorded in Hay River in early 1994 by Margaret Bearard. The interview is in English. The original source item is side B of a 90 minute audio cassette. John Bouvier was born October 4, 1918 in Fort Providence. His ancestors came from St. Boniface, Manitoba. John's grandfather came with cattle on scows across Great Slave Lake and settled in Fort Providence on a farm. He also worked for the Hudson's Bay Company. John is the oldest son of George and Veronique Bouvier. His mother was in a convent when his father married her and her family was in the Hay River area. The Bouviers moved to Fort Good Hope for awhile, before returning to Fort Providence. John attended school to Grade 4 and also worked hard helping his mother and doing chores. His father trapped and the family lived off the land. John feels Metis kids should go to school and also learn traditional skills and language from their parents, so it is not lost. John’s first language was French and he also speaks Cree, Slavey, Beaver, Chipewyan, and English. John remembers getting Metis scrip at the age of 7. His grandfather, dad, and uncles all decided to take scrip rather than Treaty. John left home at the age of 26 to make his own living. He went to Yellowknife in 1945 and worked for Giant Mine, then went wood cutting, then back to Fort Providence to his mother, then to fight a fire in Fort Smith. John had tuberculosis and spent three years at the Charles Camsell Hospital in Edmonton. On his return to the NWT, he went on a boat and learned the river. John also worked for the mission for a long time (fishing and on the Mission farm), shoveling snow, trapping, and on the boats, including with ATL. John was married for 25 years before his wife died and they had four children. He now has another female companion. John also speaks about traditional medicine, Treaty days, trapping, death, his Kokum (grandmother), missionaries, chiefs, and entertainment, including dances and games. John frequently contrasts the present day with how things were when he was growing up.

This item is the second part of a two-part interview of Hughie Arden at Yellowknife, likely in 1995, recorded by Gordon (Lennie?). The interview is in English. The original source item is side B of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes item CN-47A. This part of the interview focuses on the predicted socio-economic impacts of diamond mines in the NWT, in particular, the proposed BHP Diamonds Inc. operation. The interviewer continues the set of questions discussing the socio-economic impacts of the mine including effects on people, families, their lifestyle, traditional values, local economies, and archaeological and burial sites caused by people leaving communities to work in the mines, wage labour, and the influx of outsiders to the area. The interviewer introduces the concerns already raised by others and solicits Hughie's opinions as to effects he feels the mine will have, whether he shares the concerns of others, and any other concerns he has. The link between environmental and socio-economic impacts and the employment of Indigenous people are also discussed. Hughie often draws on his experience with other mines to make comparisons. The interviewer spends a lot of time talking through the questions and concerns, with the result that he frequently puts words in mouth of the interviewee. The interview then moves into questions for the Metis Heritage Association regarding Hughie's previous involvement with prospecting and mines. In the 1910s and 1920s, Hughie's father had a store on the east end of Bear Lake. After that, he worked for the government, looking after dogs and as a Game Warden at Wood Buffalo National Park. Then he became a prospector. Hughie relates how he started off with his father at Great Bear Lake in 1934, which is how he picked up most of his experience. Sonny (D'Arcy) Arden, Hughie's brother, also started with their father in 1936. They prospected in the Hottah Lake area, around Port Radium and northeast, right up to the Coppermine area, as well as spending a couple of years in the Mackenzie Mountains. Hughie relates stories of travels by canoe and dog team and how Sonny walked all the way to Yellowknife ahead of the dogs. The Arden family got in on the Yellowknife Gold Rush in 1938. Hughie also describes the movement of ore from the mines on Great Bear Lake down to Hay River. The interviewer asks about old things Hughie has run across on his travels, which leads Hughie to talk about the remains of settlements and camps that can be seen at Faber(?) Lake and Fishtrap Lake. Brief mention is also made of Hughie's other employment, which included working on the DEW Line putting in airstrips starting in 1955, working with John Denison on ice roads in the 1960s, and driving a cat train. The recording ends abruptly.

This item is the first part of a four-part interview of Rosalie Dempsey at Fort Smith, recorded on March 11, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-26B, CN-27A, and CN-27B. Rosalie grew up in Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion and the interview focuses on aspects of her life and what she remembers about the old days. Topics covered in the first part include: father's and grandfather's employment, summer camps, religious celebrations, roles and responsibilities of women and children, marriage, naming children, adoption, education, clothing, dog teams, hunting, trapping and fishing by season, employment, and traders (including Hudson's Bay Company and Syrian traders). Rosalie also tells some remembered stories from her childhood. The recording ends abruptly.

This item is an interview of Margaret Morin, recorded in Hay River, likely in early 1994 by Margaret Bearard. The interview is in English. The original source item is side B of a 60 minute audio cassette. Margaret Morin was born in Green Lake, northern Saskatchewan on October 1, 1927 to parents Gilbert Roy and Flora Sinclair. She was 66 at the time of the interview. There were 15 children in Margaret's family and the family lived on a farm. Her father worked in the winter hauling freight with horses and sleigh and in the summer on a boat. The family spoke Cree at home and her parents also spoke French. Her brothers hunted and her mother and the girls in the family prepared moosehides. Margaret attended school to Grade 3, when she had to quit to care for her sister who was ill with tuberculosis and had five small children. Margaret began working at the age of nineteen in a shelter for children, with her brother-in-law and sister-in-law. She worked there for seven years in the laundry and cleaning up the office. Margaret speaks about measles and tuberculosis being diseases that affected her family and community. She does some sewing, including beadwork and embroidery, which she learned from her mother. There is also brief discussion about traditional medicine, clothing, religion, and dances. Margaret met and married her husband, Alphonse Morin, in Green Lake. The family moved to Hay River in 1953 when Alphonse came up to fish. Alphonse and Margaret had three children.

This recording includes sides A and B of the tape.

This item is an interview of Leonard Cardinal, recorded in Hay River, likely in early 1994 by Margaret Bearard. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 60 minute audio cassette. Leonard Cardinal was born in Fort Chipewyan in March 1928 and will be 66 years old in March. His father was Magloire Cardinal and his mother was Nellie Loutitt, the daughter of Hannah McSwain and George Loutitt. He had two brothers and three sisters. Leonard was married to Yvonne Cardinal for about 33 years and had eight children. They had been separated for about 12 years at the time of the interview. After his mother's death in 1935, Leonard was raised by his uncle and aunt (his mother's sister). His chores included caring for dogs and chickens. Leonard attended school in Fort Chipewyan at the Anglican school and the Catholic Convent mission school up to Grade 8. He was raised in the Anglican church. Leonard left home at about 15 years old. His first job was in 1943, when the US Army came north. He worked as a dockhand for NTCL, unloading barges and loading trucks in Fort Fitzgerald. He later came to the Great Slave Lake area, fished for a number of years and had various jobs around Hay River, including in service garages, trucking, taxis, and as a school bus driver. In 1970 he was given the opportunity to take a boom of timbers to Inuvik with his tugboat for NCPC. He picked up the boom and a river pilot, Jonas Lafferty, in Fort Simpson and got as far as Tsiigehtchic before the river froze. Leonard spent the next six years in Inuvik, doing barging, timber cutting, pile cutting, and trucking with the oil companies operating in the area. After the Berger Inquiry halted pipeline plans, Leonard left Inuvik in April 1978 and moved to Grande Prairie, where he operated an oilfield servicing company. When the bust came, he started trucking on the Dempster Highway for a short time, but it wasn't profitable. He returned to Inuvik and went back to the small tug and marine service he had retained there. He also went into the taxi business with Delta Taxi and had a service station. Leonard sold out and left Inuvik in 1989, with the aim of retiring, but went into the tour boat business with the Arctic Star. After doing a couple of runs on the Mackenzie River and a summer season in Yellowknife, he moved operations to Hay River and also got back into commercial fishing. At the time of the interview he was fishing in the summer and running a couple of camps in the winter. He had recently suffered a stroke but was recovering well. Leonard mentions learning hunting skills from his uncle, which he still enjoys. His uncle and aunt lived off the land hunting and trapping, ran a small general store and bought furs, and had a boat and barge. Leonard's father trapped out of Fort Chipewyan in the Birch River Mountain area, Wood Buffalo National Park, and into the Northwest Territories. Leonard speaks briefly of the fancy clothes Metis people used to wear for celebrations and the way the dressed their dogs up too. He mentions some ways people entertained themselves in the past and games kids used to play. The interview concludes with Leonard advising young people to learn to be good workers, get themselves a job, and stay away from alcohol and drugs.

This recording includes sides A and B of the tape.

This item is the first part of a two-part interview of Mabel Heron at Fort Smith, recorded on February 7, 1992, by Joe Mercredi, as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 60 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes item CN-44B. Mabel provides many details about her life growing up on her parents' farm at Johnson's Landing, as well as answering general questions. Mabel was born in Fort Chipewyan in 1924. Her mother was Katie (Catherine) Alice Cooper from Fort McKay and her father was John Wilfred Johnson, who had emigrated from Sweden. While she was still a baby, the family moved to what became known as Johnson's Landing, where her parents cleared the land and established a farm. They kept cows, horses, pigs, chickens, and dogs, as well as growing vegetables, and running a trading store. Many people stopped there. Mabel's father also trapped. The children were educated using correspondence courses taught by their mother, who had spent a number of years in the Convent at Fort McKay after her father died. The family did not leave the farm and the children were not permitted to socialize with the people who stopped there. Mabel describes enjoying the visits of her Cree grandmother, who told them old stories. A priest also came to instruct the children in their catechism and they took first communion and confirmation as a group on the farm. After her mother got sick, Mabel describes her father as getting mean, blaming the children for everything, and beating them frequently. Her mother died of cancer at the age of 32. At the age of 22, Mabel ran away from the farm with her brother, reaching Hay Camp the first night and Fort Fitzgerald the next day. She stayed with her aunt for awhile. Her younger sisters also ran away from the farm. In 1948, Mabel moved to Fort Smith, where she worked in the kitchen at the HBC hotel. She married Charlie Heron about 7 months later. Mabel did not visit her father again until her son Brien was four years old. Other topics discussed include: entertainment, clothing, education, hunting and fishing, food preservation, dogs, trading, sickness and death, and traditional medicine and medicine men.

This item is the first part of a three-part interview of Dora Tourangeau at Fort Smith, recorded on March 31, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-36B and CN-37. Dora provides biographical information about herself, while answering interview questions. Topics covered include mail, duties of wives, marriage, adoption and orphans, tuberculosis, expectations and activities of children, clothing, shopping, retirement, trapping, fishing, transportation, hunting, caribou, dog teams, provision for widows, sewing, relationship of the Hudson's Bay trader with the community, employment, cattle and horses, and preservation of food. Dora shares that her mother, ___ Paulette, was born in Fort Fitzgerald, and her ancestors were from St. Boniface, Manitoba. Dora was born in Fort Fitzgerald around 1904 and remained there until 1927, when she moved to a camp at Halfway for a few years. Dora's father had died of tuberculosis when she was 8 years old and her mother died of chicken pox when Dora was 16. In 1917, she attended the convent school at Fort Chipewyan for about a year and a half, however, she was sick for much of the time. Her mother also instructed her in sewing and knitting. After her mother's death, Dora lived with an uncle for awhile, then began working as a cook and housekeeper to support herself. She never married. Parts of the recording are of poor quality with audio blips. The recording ends abruptly.

This item is the first part of a four-part interview of Frank Laviolette (age 66) at Fort Smith, recorded on March 18, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-32B, CN-33A, and CN-33B. Frank provides details of his family history and origins. Frank's mother was from Salt River and his father from Fort Chipewyan. His father's family had come from Winnipeg. Frank was born close to Fort Smith and has lived there his whole life. He has 13 children, including two adopted and two deceased. Both of his parents died of tuberculosis before World War II while Frank was quite young. He was taken in by Chief Squirrel's wife, then Bill Lyall, where he stayed until he was an adult. Frank was educated up to about grade 2. Frank became a catskinner and travelled up the Mackenzie to work in Tuktoyaktuk for a couple of seasons. More recently, he ran Bison Big Game Outfitting. Additional topics covered include housing, fishing, cemeteries, role of husbands, wives and children, trapping, relationships between groups and families, marriage customs, naming customs, adoption and orphans, and celebrations. The recording ends abruptly.

This item is the second part of a four-part interview of Marie Anne McDonald (born October 21, 1915) at Fort Smith, recorded on March 17, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side B of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-30A, CN-31A, and CN-31B. Marie tells portions of the story of her life and background interspersed with more general responses to the interviewer's questions of what life used to be like. Marie shares that she sewed to support her children and husband. When she and her husband separated, she put her kids in the Convent and went to work as a housekeeper in Fort Chipewyan for the RCMP. She also worked for the Wylies before moving to Fort Smith in 1946, where she made a living by sewing. In 1951 she moved to Yellowknife for five years, before returning to Fort Smith, where she has lived since then. Additional topics covered include marriage, childbirth, appropriate behaviour for women, retirement, hunting customs, tools, supplies and rules, animals hunted by seasons, trapping, dog teams, traders, fishing, dryfish, employment, roles for men and women, food gathering, preservation and preparation, and various kinds of food.

This item is the first part of a four-part interview of Marie Anne McDonald (born October 21, 1915) at Fort Smith, recorded on March 17, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-30B, CN-31A, and CN-31B. Marie tells portions of the story of her life and background interspersed with more general responses to the interviewer's questions of what life used to be like. Marie shares that her ancestors were from Winnipegosis and she and her parents, Pierre Tourangeau and Mary Rose Mercredi were from Fort Chipewyan. When her mother became ill when she was about 5 years old, she was taken by her father to live at the Convent and remained there until she was about 9. Marie's father remarried and she lived with him and her step-mother until her marriage as a teenager to ___ Daniel. They lived with her in-laws at first. Marriage was hard for Marie and after 12 years and 6 children, she and her husband broke up. She supported herself and her family by sewing. Additional topics covered include summer fish camp at Quatre Fourches, winter trap lines, shelters, special places, family relationships, employment, duties of men and women, family history, sewing (clothing, materials, prices), relationships between groups of people, marriage and family life, pregnancy and childbirth, adoption, parental expectations for children, punishments, and education (formal and by observation).

This item is the first part of a two-part interview of Elizabeth Bourke at Fort Smith, recorded on March 16, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes item CN-29B. Elizabeth grew up in Fort Chipewyan and Peace Point and after her marriage, she with her husband and children, moved to the Gros Cap commercial fishing camp, Hay River, and Fort Smith. Elizabeth provides information about her family background and history. The interviewer also guides the discussion to cover the topics of marriage, naming of children, orphans and adoption, expectations for children, what her children are doing now, education, elders, pensions and welfare, childbirth, behavioural expectations and roles for women, hunting customs and tools, animals hunted and trapped by season, fishing, dog teams and sleds, trapping, fur trade, relationship between Metis and traders and Hudson's Bay Company and community, commercial fishing, employment, men's work, and gathering and preparing food. An unidentified male voice chimes in occasionally to add supplementary information. The recording also includes a lot of background noise.

This item is the second part of a two-part interview of Helena Mandeville (age 80) at Fort Smith, recorded on March 12, 1992 by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side B of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes item CN-28A. Helena grew up in Fort Chipewyan. Topics covered include employment (mail, missions, and sewing), food gathering, preservation and preparation, caribou, fish, wild plant use, gardening, clothing for men, women and children, sewing tools and materials, footwear, hide preparation, decorations, treatment of sickness and medicines, diseases and epidemics, changes in the community from when she first came, hopes for all the young people, and her relationship with her grandchildren. After the interview is over, Helena and the interviewer continue a casual conversation about Helena's children and where they are living now. Finally, Helena gives the Metis Association permission to use material from her interview.

This item is the first part of a two-part interview of Helena Mandeville (age 80) at Fort Smith, recorded on March 12, 1992 by by Sister Agnes Sutherland as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes item CN-28B. Helena grew up in Fort Chipewyan and she and her husband and children also lived in Fort Smith, Wood Buffalo National Park (Rocky Point and Fifth Meridian), and Fort Resolution. Topics covered include family background and origin, family members, housing, difference between immediate family and relatives, duties of husband, wife and children, marriage, naming children, adoption and orphans, death, expectations for children, education, extended family (including grandparents), relationships between groups, wedding customs, childbirth, expectations and roles of women, retirement and pensions, hunting customs and activities by season, wood cutting, clothing, housing, staying warm, dog teams and sleds, animals trapped for fur, goods exchanged for fur, traders and trading posts (Hudson's Bay Company and independent traders such as Hamdan and Ali and Colin Fraser), and employment (fishing and mail). Helena also tells some remembered stories from her childhood. The recording ends abruptly.

This item is an interview of Pat LaFleur, recorded in Hay River, likely early in 1994 by Margaret Bearard. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. Pat is 70 years old and was born in Fort Vermilion in 1922 to parents Auguste (Augie) LaFleur and Flora Chalifoux. Pat had several siblings and children of his own. Pat grew up on a quarter section of land with cattle and horses, living in a log house and speaking Cree. His father was a trapper. Pat attended school for about 2 years when he was 12 and lived at the Mission in Fort Vermilion for part of that time. He quit school to come home and help his mother. Pat left Fort Vermilion in 1945 and worked for two years for the railroad in summer and at a sawmill skidding logs in the winter. He also spent some years trapping. In 1947, he spent a fall as a thresher, then came to Hay River, where he got a job at Menzies Fishing packing fish. Pat later worked on the survey for the highway to the border and in 1948, he started driving truck and later also worked as a cat skinner and grader operator. Pat recalls diseases affecting his family, including smallpox, from which his father died, and tuberculosis. When questioned about traditional medicines, Pat mentions that he uses rat root. Pat describes his time at the Mission in Fort Vermilion, speaking of topics including food, segregation of boys and girls, chores, hygiene, punishment, languages, and entertainment. Pat speaks of his enjoyment of dancing and how people used to go visiting on Sundays. He expresses disappointment in how young people today use their time. The interview concludes with a couple of stories and discussion of prices and how to keep meat from spoiling. Background white noise makes it difficult to hear some of Pat's responses.

This item is the first part of a four-part recording of Alexis Lafferty, recorded in Hay River around 1996 by an unidentified male interviewer. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 60 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-85B, CN-86A, and CN-86B. Alex Lafferty was born in Fort Resolution on June 8, 1928 and is 67 years old at the time of the interview. He started school at the Roman Catholic Mission when he was about 7 years old. It was not a good experience for him and after a couple of years he begged his father to take him to the bush instead. Alex describes the seasonal cycle of bush life, including returning to Fort Resolution in the Spring to put up a garden, fish and make dryfish, then leaving for hunting camps after Treaty was paid in July, returning to Fort Resolution in September for fall fishing after putting meat away in a cache, taking the scow up to the camp at Hook Lake for fall hunting, and then trapping all winter. Alex names several of the people who operated in the same area. Alex worked with his father from about age 11 to about age 23 when he went out on his own. Alex specifically recalls hunting marten in 1949 near Pine Point and returning to the area many years later. He also recalls a 1946 hunting trip for muskrats to Trout Rock, returning via Yellowknife. Alex speaks of the four traders who used to operate in Fort Resolution (Alec Loutitt, George and William Pinsky, Northern Traders, and Hudson's Bay Company) and contrasts modern fur buying. He also talks about how life and the country has changed, getting drier and with more fires. He describes the only fire he recalls, one in 1948 in the Slave River-Rat River-Taltson River area. Alex also talks about the changes in young people now from when he was growing up, including behaviour, curfews, and respect for elders. Alex mentions the changes brought by the Pine Point mine, particularly to Fort Resolution, as alcohol and drugs were brought in and suicide and murder rates increased. He moved to Hay River in 1980 as a result. The recording concludes with Alex discussing different hunting grounds for different animals.

This item is the second part of a four-part interview of Stan Larocque at Yellowknife, likely recorded in 1995, possibly by Gordon Lennie. The interview is in English. The original source item is side B of a 60 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes items CN-70A, CN-71A, and CN-71B. This part of the interview focuses on the predicted environmental and socio-economic impacts of the proposed BHP Diamonds Inc. operation in the Lac de Gras area. The interviewer finishes going through a series of questions on various topics including effects on the watershed, wildlife (especially caribou and fish), and local hunters and trappers, resulting from mine operations, including waste management, fuel and antifreeze leaks and spills, and mine operations. Mine reclamation, employing Indigenous people to do environmental monitoring, and use of traditional and scientific knowledge are also discussed. Stan's biggest concern is with pollution. The interviewer then goes through a set of questions discussing the socio-economic impacts of the mine including effects on people, families, their lifestyle, and traditional values caused by people leaving communities to work in the mines, shift work, and wage labour. Stan doesn't see shift work as an issue and feels it would be a good thing for young people to have work. The interviewer provides lots of additional commentary, which has the result of leading the interviewee.

This recording includes sides A and B of the tape.

This item is the first part of a two-part interview of Hughie Arden at Yellowknife, likely in 1995, recorded by Gordon (Lennie?). The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. The interview also includes item CN-47B. This part of the interview focuses on the predicted environmental and socio-economic impacts of diamond mines in the NWT, in particular, the proposed BHP Diamonds Inc. operation. The interviewer goes through a series of questions on various topics including effects on the terrain, watershed, permafrost, wildlife (especially caribou, bears, wolves, and fish), and local hunters, trappers, and fishermen resulting from mine operations, including construction and use of roads and airstrips, draining of lakes, stream diversion, dams, mine site construction, open pit operations, processing operations, disposal of tailings, use of diesel generators for power, waste management, and use of wildlife by mine employees. Mine reclamation and employing Indigenous people are also discussed. Another set of questions discuss the socio-economic impacts of the mine including effects on people, families, and their lifestyle caused by shift work and tensions between southerners and Indigenous northerners. The interviewer introduces the concerns already raised by others and solicits Hughie's opinions as to effects he feels the mine will have, whether he shares the concerns of others, and any other concerns he has. Hughie often draws on his experience with other mines to make comparisons. The interviewer spends a lot of time talking through the questions and concerns, with the result that he frequently puts words in mouth of the interviewee. The recording ends abruptly.

This item is an interview of Beatrice Daniels at Yellowknife, recorded on March 25, 1992 at 2:30 pm, by Jeanette Mandeville, as part of the 1992 Metis Heritage Project. The interview is in English. The original source item is side A of a 90 minute audio cassette. Beatrice shares many biographical details of her life as well as answering the interviewer's questions. She was born in 1912 in Fort Resolution. Her father worked for the Hudson's Bay Company and they lived among Chipewyan-speaking people. Her first language was French, but she also learned Chipewyan and English. The family split their time between Fort Resolution and Rocher River. Beatrice and her sister, Florence, were educated at the mission school in Fort Resolution and were also taught from books by their mother, who had gone to school at Fort Providence. Beatrice recalls learning to sew, shooting muskrats, moving to their new house in 1926, and the death of her of father in the 1928 flu epidemic. After her marriage, she and her husband lived at Bobby Porritt's sawmill with three other married couples. Topics covered include relationships between groups of people, languages, education, religion, respect for others, sewing and materials, women hunting, trapping, and fishing, dances and fiddlers (including George Norn, Pat Burke, Johnny Beaulieu, and her sister Florence), Rocher River, traditional medicine, the 1928 flu epidemic, and marriage.