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The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Napolean and Ed Lafferty on January 17, 1977 in Fort Resolution. The interviewers are Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index:Ed was born on October 27, 1922. His mother's name was Catherine Beaulieu. His father, Napolean, was born in Fort Norman on July 18, 1889. His brothers include, Jonas, Jim, Henry and Philip. Ed's grandfather, Alexi Lafferty, traded for Hislop and Nagle. He was born in Fort Rae and died at 65 years old in Fort Simpson.
Mrs. Annie McQuain [Anna McQueen] (a white woman) had her own trading post in Rat River in the 1940's. She married Star Beck and then Dan McQuain [Dan McQueen]. Napolean recounts a story told to him by his father about a Hudson's Bay Company clerk who wanted to strike
it rich. He found gold but died in the process. He was too busy getting gold and didn't look after himself. The HBC manager in Simpson sent a search party and they found him and the gold, and that was the start of the gold rush west of the Mackenzie River.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Joe Lafferty on February 18, 1977 in Fort Simpson. The interviewers are Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, was born in Liard and then worked at Nelson.
WAGE EMPLOYMENT: pilot; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: fireman; TRANSPORTATION: York boat; HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY: boats; BOAT NAME: S.S. Pioneer; BOAT NAME: S.S. Distributor; BOAT NAME: David McPherson; BOAT NAME: Arctic Lady; BOAT NAME: Bottom Lake; BOAT NAME: Lady of Rhodes(? Lourdes]; BOAT NAME: George Lake; BOAT NAME: N.D. de la Providence; WWII: Canol Road; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: hauling freight; GOLD: claims; ALCOHOL: bootleggers; BOAT NAME: McKinnon; BOAT NAME: Lindberg; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: cooking; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: wages; WWII; HISLOP AND NAGLE; ARTIFACTS; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: construction; DISEASE: TB; IMPERIAL OIL; OIL

The file consists of three transcripts of oral history interviews with Victor Lafferty in Fort Providence. The first interview is undated and the interviewer was Joanne Burger. The second interview was on May 15, 1975 and the interviewer was Arthur Mercredi. The third interview was on February 14, 1977 and the interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price. The file also includes a family history summary.

Please note that the interview uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage. We have reproduced this term in the digitized document and quoted interview notes below because it is a part of the original historical record.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Boniface Lafferty, died when he was 74 years old. Mother, Madeleine Bouvier.
Grandmother, Catherine Beaulieu. Victor was born in Fort Liard in 1887. He has 10 children.
Grandfather, Louison Lenoir (Lafferty). Father, Boniface Lafferty, was born at Winnipeg, Red River. Mother, Madeleine Bouvier. Victor was born January 4, 1887 in Fort Liard. He was married in 1912 to Mary Rose Mandeville. Victor's Aunt Monique was the wife of Johnny Berens.
Victor got married in 1912. Victor's wife, Mary Rose Mandeville, died in 1938.
The Lafferty's were called Lenoir originally. "The name was Lenoir, yah. I knew when they change it the name but I couldn't say what, how old I was. At the Mission they were all French and they couldn't spell the name like we spell it. They say that's an Irish name. So when they write our name Lafferty it was just L-a-f-e-r-t-e. Laferte. But the real, the right way is the way we spell it now. Lafferty." They kept all the half-breeds in the country, the Hudson Bay keep them see. And then they used them in the summer on the barges, York boats you know. (Break in tape) Steam boat, just the York boat." . "I got on the boat and went to McPherson, to Arctic Red. Well, then the boys, when we got to Good Hope, the boatmen, all these half-breeds from way up at Athabasca Landing, they all come down to look after the freight and the scows, you know. They were all down with us. And when we got to Good Hope, there was a cabin there, so they want to dance and they got, they got into there, a little shack. They start to dance. They[We?] couldn't go inside to look at them, so we got on the roof and we took the stovepipe out and there we looked at them."

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Michel Landry on February 15, 1977 in Fort Providence. The interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Michel is approximately 84 years old [as of 1977]. He thinks he was born July 2. Mother's name, Marie Landry. Father's name, just Landry. He has 3 brothers and sisters, all of whom were still alive in 1977.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Frank Laviolette on January 13, 1977 in Fort Smith. The interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Mother's name, Alice Bigare. His father came from Fort Chipewyan. He was part Cree. (He was a French Canadian Metis?). Frank was born May 10, 1926. Old Chief Pierre Squirrel was approximately 102 or 104 years old when he died. He "used to be the right hand hunter with old Beaulieu .that used to be the leader at Salt river years ago. And my wife is the 8th generation of
the Beaulieu's." Frank was married in ·1951.
Frank lived with Chief Pierre Squirrel for 3 or 4 years when he was around 10 or 11. He used to trap with Sousi King's father, Paul King. "In the spring we stayed in the same camp, two tents, and I used to go to with the old man every day. He was 93 years old. And he used to pack a canoe, I was too young to pack a canoe, I had to make portage from one stream to the other and he was stronger than me, so he packed the canoe." "This time we read about the old trappers and they forget about the wives, they also played a big role. Without the woman, the trappers wouldn't have done so good in the early days ... Yes, even today. They played a big role and there wasn't anything about the woman in the trappers stories." "Joanne: There has been a lot of women that spent a. lot of years trapping for themselves. Frank: Yeah, they made, they played a role out on the trapline and I think they went out hunting and trapping the wood was already cut, and the camp already made and the women would set nets and have the food ready for their husband. I'd a say 50% of the work was done by the woman, her stretching and drying was done by the women. The man would always be travelling and hunting. 50% of the work was done by the woman, not so much now." Frank trapped with Germain Tourangeau for 14 years in the Caribou Mountains.

The file consists of notes on an oral history interview with Mrs. Leland on April 24, 1977 in Inuvik. The interviewers were Ray Price and Sue Look.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Enuch Moses, was from Old Crow. Her mother's name was Anne Stewart. "Mrs. Leland was born October 21, 1900. She is a first cousin of Sarah Simon. In 1916, Archdeacon Witticker [Whitaker?] married Jane to a fellow called Phillips, an Irishman working at Kittigazuit in the Hudson's Bay Company.

The file consists of an oral history interview with George and Rosa Loutitt on February 10, 1977 in Hay River. The interviewers were Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.

Please note that the interview uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage. We have reproduced this term in the digitized document and interview notes below because it is a part of the original historical record.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: George's father was Albert Loutitt. He died in 1963 or 1966. His mother, Mary Rose Bouvier, came from Fort Providence. She died in 1953. Rosa's father was Vital Bonnetrouge. He came from Fort Providence. Rosa's mother came from Fort Good Hope and her paternal grandparents came from Fort Chipewyan. Rosa was born in 1928. George was born in Fort Providence in 1922.
George has two half brothers: Jean LeMouel and Joe LeMouel.
Rosa lost her Treaty status when she married George (a half-breed). She got a cheque for $95

The file consists of an oral history interview with Jack Loutitt on February 20, 1977 in Fort Simpson. The interviewers were Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Jack was born in Fort McKay. There were 6 children in the family. He was the second oldest (the oldest boy}. Father's name, John James Loutitt. He died in 1968 at the age of 68. Mother's name, Victoria Mercredi. She was from Fort Chipewyan. She died in 1924. His father was remarried 10 or 12 years later to Mary Jane Flett. Jack's paternal grandmother was also a Flett, but from
Winnipeg. His maternal grandfather's name was Joe Mercredi.

The file consists of an oral history interview with Laura Loutitt on February 14, 1977 in Fort Smith. The interviewers were Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father's name, Fred McLeod. He was born in Fort Franklin and died around 1964. Mother's name, Margaret Firth. She died in 1932. Laura's father was remarried in 1936 to Rose Lafferty. There were 15 children in Laura's family. Laura's maternal grandfather was John Firth from Fort McPherson. Her paternal grandfather, Murdoch McLeod, was born in Scotland but lived in Fort Franklin. Her paternal grandmother was Mary Taylor from Edmonton. Laura was born in Fort Nelson in 1904, but lived most of her life in Fort Liard. She married Colin Henry Loutitt from Fort Chipewyan in 1926. They had 11 children in total. One boy died at age 10 of pneumonia in 1932. Colin's mother's name was Helen Flett. His father's name was Peter Loutitt from Scotland. Colin was born in 1894.
A cousin of Laura Loutitt has been collecting information on the McLeod family. His address in 1977 was: Bud McLeod in Edmonton, Alberta. Laura recounts the story about what she knew about the murder of her father's two brothers, William and Frank McLeod in the Nahanni area, while they were prospecting for gold in 1902 [1906?]. Laura spent 8 years in school in Hay River. From there she went to Fort Providence for 3-4 months. Then she moved to Fort Smith to work as a housekeeper and cook for Billy Lion [Lyle] in 1923. In the fall of 1925, she was a housekeeper and cook for room and board and $25/month. She married in 1926 and moved to Fort Chipewyan for 4 years. She moved back to Fort Smith in 1930 and worked again as a housekeeper and cook until she got a job as cook for the NTCL Company. She worked in the summer and got laid off in the winter. Worked in between having 10 kids and cooking. Also worked on the boats for 10 years: on the Distributor for 2 years as cook, left that, had children and then worked on the Radium King. In the wintertime, when she wasn't working on the boats, she was cooking at the hotel, at the DOT and She had her own cafe called "DO DROP IN .. 11 Laura also worked for the police for 17 years as a cook in Inuvik (10 years) and Fort Smith (7 years). There was a book written about Mickey Ryan called the "Link to the North. 11 Collin Henry Loutitt' s · regimental number was 3214784.

Please note that this interview contains an outdated and derogatory term historically used to refer to persons of Chinese ancestry and a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage. We have reproduced these terms in the digitized document because they are a part of the original historical record.

The file consists of an oral history interview with Julia Mackenzie. The interviewer was Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Julia's maiden name was Apples [spelled Apul in transcript - see record 8"5 for family name of Apples in Fort Rae.] Husband's name, Joe Mackenzie. She was married about 27? years ago. She is 47 years old (in 1977). Her father's name was Jimmy. Her grandmother's name is Marie Adam. She is 93 years old and still alive (in 1977). Both her father and her husband are Treaty.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with James Jackson in Norman Wells (Tulita) on March 24, 1977. The interviewer is Joanne Overvold.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: James was born in British Columbia, close to Penticton, in 1900. He is part Siwash. His son's name is Wilfred Jackson. James helped to deliver his son in the bush behind Stone Lake on Willow Lake. He was born with a veil on his face which is considered lucky.
Information re: McNeely family. Bill McNeely was Irish. He married Daria a Loucheux woman. Bill McNeely had his own trading post in Fort Good Hope and in other places. He died in Edmonton. His sons are in Fort Good Hope.

Please note that the interview uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage. We have reproduced this term in the digitized document because it is a part of the original historical record.

The file consists of the transcript of four stories told by Joe Jerome to Mod Mandeville.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Stories: Story #1: A woman is captured by the Eskimo and taken back to their land and after a while she gives birth to a boy. She decides to run away and take her son with her. During her escape, she leaves her son because she
is afraid that he will eventually kill her. Along the way, she discovers a shiny mineral deposit [copper?]. She puts some in her pack sack and while she is travelling leaves a sample on top of two hills and another on the shores of Great Slave Lake. When she rejoins her people, she shows them how to make knives and spears from the ore. Joe Jerome thinks that the samples on the shores of Great Slave Lake could be the
mines in Yellowknife and the samples that she left on her way to the lake could be Discovery Mines and Coppermine. Story #2: A man by the name of Squirrel was captured by the Cree when he was hunting moose. He is taken to live with the Cree band for a while and is even given a wife. He is unhappy however and misses his wife and children and finally escapes and returns to his people. Story #3: About how a smart man was able to outwit an enemy in the winter using thin ice to his advantage. Story #4: Two boys go out hunting together, but only one of the brothers returns home. The story includes running into a family of giants, a mother and her two daughters (one called Weasel and the other called Mouse), and about landing in an eagle nest.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Albert Jewel in January 1977 in Fort Smith. The interviewer is John Evans. The file also contains notes from Joanne Overvold from a conversation with Albert Jewel and a family history summary. Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father's name, Ernest Jewell. He was from Scotland. He trapped around Fort Chipewyan. Mother's name, Ruth Tourangeau. She was a Treaty Indian. She lived to be 99 years old. She died in 1964. Albert was born in 1903 in Chipewyan on the Hay River. Albert's wife was
Agnes Mercredi, sister to Louis Mercredi. She died in 1965.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Ed Jones on January 21, 1977 in Fort Smith. His wife and son occasionally add comments. The interviewer is Ray Price. The file also includes a family history summary.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Henry Jones, was born in Bristol, England in approximately 1864. He was in the British Merchant
Navy and travelled all over the world before he came to Canada. He died in his 70's, about 1934. Mother, Chardette Sarcel, was of Slavey and Nahanni descent. She died in the 1928 Flu epidemic. Wife, Delphine Beaulieu, is the daughter of Louison Beaulieu. Her great great grandfather went with Alexander Mackenzie to the Pacific Ocean. Her mother was a Dosnoir from Fort Vermillion. Ed was born in 1900. Brothers and sisters, Dora (died), Alfred (died), Fred (died), and Henry.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Henry Jones on January 18, 1977 in Fort Resolution. The interviewers are Joanne Overvold and Ray Price. The file also includes a family history summary.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Henry Jones, was an Englishman from London. He came to Canada because of the Klondike Gold Rush or for the gold in the Caribou Mountains. Previous to this he had travelled widely with the British Merchant Navy. He died in 1932-33 at 75 years of age and is buried at Fort Resolution. Henry was born in 1906 in Hay River. Brothers and sisters: Eddy, Alfred, Dora and Fred.
Henry has 12 children. He has been married twice. His first wife's name was Christine McKay. Book mentioned in interview by Charles Camsell called 4 "Son of the North."

The file consists of the transcript of the Life Story of Jim Koe as told by Jim.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Jim Koe was born in 1905 (1901?]. Says that he is 76 years old. [One of the numbers is wrong because the
tape was done in 1977]. He was 5 years old when his mother died. He had a brother Andrew who died while they were attending Mission school in Hay River. Place name in Loucheux[?] for a famous and fairly big hill for caribou called "Odesez Odesez canez de ray (?) ." "Well my grandfather was quite a trapper, well off, and at that time the people were getting off their feet they had dry boats, and my grandfather had two schooners, he also had a store."

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Albert Lafferty on March 23, 1977 in Fort Good Hope. The interviewer is Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Albert was born in Fort Nelson in 1906. His father was Boniface Lafferty. ·His grandfather was Louison Lafferty. Catherine Bouvier was his maternal grandmother (Beaulieu and Bouvier on Albert's mother's side and Lafferty on his dad's side). " ... and they all came from the same place, Manitoba. And my dad told me that Louis Riel was related to my dad on his (dad's/ mother's?) side. " [Al:] " ... I don't know if my grandfather Lafferty brought his family when he moved first to Fort Rae. [Jo:] Louison Lafferty di . [Al:] His first name was Lenoir, his original name was Lenoir he changed it Laferte as French. [Jo:] With an accent.
[Al:] Yeah and later on the Irishman spelled it Irish, it's not right should be Laferte, cuz there were lots of Laferte's in Fort Rae." Albert first was married to Monique Ritay [Ritias] in 1933. She died in 1938 from TB. They had no children. He then married Elizabeth Barnaby.
Story about how Little Chicago got its name. "They told me there was 3 hunters staying in a shack, long time ago. It was a long winter and they didn't get around along, they would argue and get into a fight. That's how it got its name and so they called it little Chicago."

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Celine Lafferty on February 18, 1977. The interviewers are Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Andrew Laviolette (adopted by Laviolettes in Fort Wrigley). Died in 1911[?). Mother, Madelaine, was from Fort Providence. Died when Celine was 1 1/2 years old. Three girls in the family - Celine, Isabette and(?). Celine was born in Fort Providence and married in 1924 at the age of 23 (Celine born in 1901?) to Joe Lafferty. Celine's mother-in-law,. Madelaine Bouvier. Celine's daughter-in-law, Maggie Villeneuve. Celine had 9 children including Keri, Gabe, Ernestine, Guy, Albertine, and Beatrice. She is related to Philip Bonnetrouge (his mother and Celine's were sisters) .
In 1942, the Army was in Providence. "Every woman was working for them, I used to take them bread if they (wanted home made bread, I used to wash their clothes, I used to make soap for them too, and made hoods on their parkas. They sure kept us busy." Celine's husband, Joe, worked on the boats for about 60 years. Also mentions murderer Albert Lebeau.

Please note that the document uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage. We have reproduced this term in the digitized document because it is a part of the original historical record.

The file consists of an oral history interview with Bud McLeod and Archie Mandeville on February 28, 1977 in Edmonton, Alberta. The interviewer was Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Archie's father, William Hayes, was a steamboat engineer on the Hudson's Bay Company boats. His mother, Mary Mandeville, was the daughter of the Mandeville family from Fort Smith that ran and organized the farm on the other side of the river. She died in 1959. Archie took his mother's name (from the Missionary instruction?). Archie was born in 1911 and married in
1934 to Mary Heron, Ned Heron's daughter.
Bud talks about the mystery surrounding his uncles' (Willie and Frank McLeod) murder in the Nahanni area at Deadman's Valley.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Elizabeth Mercredi in Fort Smith. The interviewers are Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Elizabeth was born in 1888 in St. Albert, about 9 miles out of Edmonton. Her parents were Alec Tourangeau and Louise Beaudry. Her mother died when she was six and her father went away after she died. He travelled with the McLeod brothers to Fort Simpson and then trapped out of there. Elizabeth didn't see him again until about a year before he died. She married Isadore Mercredi on April 27, 1908. They had 7 children, 2 of whom died. Her husband Isadore died in June of 1966. He was
two or three years older than Elizabeth. Elizabeth worked for the R.C.M.P. in the barracks as a guard from 1926-1960. ****Tape 2/84 is warped so it was only partly transcribed.