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The file consists of three transcripts of oral history interviews with Victor Lafferty in Fort Providence. The first interview is undated and the interviewer was Joanne Burger. The second interview was on May 15, 1975 and the interviewer was Arthur Mercredi. The third interview was on February 14, 1977 and the interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price. The file also includes a family history summary.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Boniface Lafferty, died when he was 74 years old. Mother, Madeleine Bouvier.
Grandmother, Catherine Beaulieu. Victor was born in Fort Liard in 1887. He has 10 children.
Grandfather, Louison Lenoir (Lafferty). Father, Boniface Lafferty, was born at Winnipeg, Red River. Mother, Madeleine Bouvier. Victor was born January 4, 1887 in Fort Liard. He was married in 1912 to Mary Rose Mandeville. Victor's Aunt Monique was the wife of
Johnny Berens.
Victor got married in 1912. Victor's wife, Mary Rose Mandeville, died in 1938.
The Lafferty's were called Lenoir originally. The name was Lenoir, yah. I knew when they change it the name but I couldn't say what, how old I was. At the Mission they were all French and they couldn't spell the name like we spell it. They say that's an Irish name. So when they write our name Lafferty it was just L-a-f-e-r-t-e. Laferte. But the real, the right way is the way we spell it now. Lafferty. They kept all the half-breeds in the country, the Hudson Bay keep them see. And then they used them in the summer on the barges, York boats you know. (Break in tape) Steam boat, just the York boat." . "I got on the boat and went to McPherson, to Arctic Red. Well, then the boys, when we got to Good Hope, the boatmen, all these half-breeds from way up at Athabasca Landing, they all come down to look after the freight and the scows, you know. They were all down with us. And when we got to Good Hope, there was a cabin there, so they want to dance and they got, they got into there, a little shack. They start to dance. They[We?] couldn't go inside to look at them, so we got on the roof and we took the stovepipe out and there we looked at them."

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Frank Laviolette on January 13, 1977 in Fort Smith. The interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Mother's name, Alice Bigare. His father came from Fort Chipewyan. He was part Cree. (He was a French Canadian Metis?). Frank was born May 10, 1926. Old Chief Pierre Squirrel was approximately 102 or 104 years old when he died. He "used to be the right hand hunter with old Beaulieu .that used to be the leader at Salt river years ago. And my wife is the 8th generation of
the Beaulieu's." Frank was married in ·1951.
Frank lived with Chief Pierre Squirrel for 3 or 4 years when he was around 10 or 11. He used to trap with Sousi King's father, Paul King. "In the spring we stayed in the same camp, two tents, and I used to go to with the old man every day. He was 93 years old. And he used to pack a canoe, I was too young to pack a canoe, I had to make portage from one stream to the other and he was stronger than me, so he packed the canoe." "This time we read about the old trappers and they forget about the wives, they also played a big role. Without the woman, the trappers wouldn't have done so good in the early days ... Yes, even today. They played a big role and there wasn't anything about the woman in the trappers stories." "Joanne: There has been a lot of women that spent a. lot of years trapping for themselves. Frank: Yeah, they made, they played a role out on the trapline and I think they went out hunting and trapping the wood was already cut, and the camp already made and the women would set nets and have the food ready for their husband. I'd a say 50% of the work was done by the woman, her stretching and drying was done by the women. The man would always be travelling and hunting. 50% of the work was done by the woman, not so much now." Frank trapped with Germain Tourangeau for 14 years in the Caribou Mountains.

The file consists of an oral history interview with Laura Loutitt on February 14, 1977 in Fort Smith. The interviewers were Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father's name, Fred McLeod. He was born in Fort Franklin and died around 1964. Mother's name, Margaret Firth. She died in 1932. Laura's father was remarried in 1936 to Rose Lafferty. There were 15 children in Laura's family. Laura's maternal grandfather was John Firth from Fort McPherson. Her paternal grandfather, Murdoch McLeod, was born in Scotland but lived in Fort Franklin. Her paternal grandmother was Mary Taylor from Edmonton. Laura was born in Fort Nelson in 1904, but lived most of her life in Fort Liard. She married Colin Henry Loutitt from Fort Chipewyan in 1926. They had 11 children in total. One boy died at age 10 of pneumonia in 1932. Colin's mother's name was Helen Flett. His father's name was Peter Loutitt from Scotland. Colin was born in 1894.
A cousin of Laura Loutitt has been collecting information on the McLeod family. His address in 1977 was: Bud McLeod in Edmonton, Alberta. Laura recounts the story about what she knew about the murder of her father's two brothers, William and Frank McLeod in the Nahanni area, while they were prospecting for gold in 1902 [1906?]. Laura spent 8 years in school in Hay River. From there she went to Fort Providence for 3-4 months. Then she moved to Fort Smith to work as a housekeeper and cook for Billy Lion [Lyle] in 1923. In the fall of 1925, she was a housekeeper and cook for room and board and $25/month. She married in 1926 and moved to Fort Chipewyan for 4 years. She moved back to Fort Smith in 1930 and worked again as a housekeeper and cook until she got a job as cook for the NTCL Company. She worked in the summer and got laid off in the winter. Worked in between having 10 kids and cooking. Also worked on the boats for 10 years: on the Distributor for 2 years as cook, left that, had children and then worked on the Radium King. In the wintertime, when she wasn't working on the boats, she was cooking at the hotel, at the DOT and She had her own cafe called "DO DROP IN .. 11 Laura also worked for the police for 17 years as a cook in Inuvik (10 years) and Fort Smith (7 years). There was a book written about Mickey Ryan called the "Link to the North. 11 Collin Henry Loutitt' s · regimental number was 3214784.

Please note that this interview contains an outdated and derogatory term historically used to refer to persons of Chinese ancestry.

The file consists of an oral history interview with Julia Mackenzie. The interviewer was Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Julia's maiden name was Apples [spelled Apul in transcript - see record 8"5 for family name of Apples in Fort Rae.] Husband's name, Joe Mackenzie. She was married about 27? years ago. She is 47 years old (in 1977). Her father's name was Jimmy. Her grandmother's name is Marie Adam. She is 93 years old and still alive (in 1977). Both her father and her husband are Treaty.

The file consists of an oral history interview with Eleanor McNeill and Henry Geisbrecht on January 14, 1977 in Fort Smith. The interviewers were Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Mother's name, Cayen. Father's name, Alexie Jeremy. Her paternal grandfather's last name was Gerald. There were 8 children in her family but she is the only one still alive. Eleanor was born in Fort Fitzgerald in 1902. She was married at the age of 18, on December 27, 1924, in Fort Smith.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Father Menez at Fort Resolution on January 20, 1977. The interviewer was Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Short note of how the Courieur de Bois and the Metis came north. " ... when the English took over after General Wolfe's exercise in Quebec there, the fur traders, the French fur traders were sort of moved out but they left behind the little guys, the guys that were running around in the woods getting the fur. And when the English moved, well, who did they use but those who were already in the fur trade." p.2-3. Father Menez mentioµs that a vaccine was used by Doctor Diess [?] in 18371 [For smallpox??] Re: use of alcohol in fur trade: In 1800 there were 10,000 gallons of booze but by 1803, "·· .really the war between the Hudson’s Bay and the Northwest was at the peak, it went up to 20,000 [gallons]." p.5 Sir John Franklin was talking to Francois Beaulieu about travelling to the Arctic Ocean in 1820, and Francois Beaulieu drew him a map of the Arctic coast from Coppermine to Bathurst. The Burnside River has a Chipewyan name which means the river of the enemy. "Contwoyto Lake is a Chipewyan name meaning, the English used to call it Rum Lake because Samuel Hearne opened a keg of rum there. But the first part of the suffix, I mean the prefix means alcohol, and the suffix is lake." p.8 **Petitot writings and Back's journal mentioned in relation to the Mandevilles and Beaulieu and his 'gang' and where they met them i.e. Salt River, Fort Reliance, Fort Providence, Arctic Red River p.8-9. *****Books mentioned in text: "Le Metis Canadien" by Marcel Giraud. "Dix-huit-ans Chez les Sauvages" by Bishop Thoreau [?]. "Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River, and Along the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, in the
Years 1833, 1834, and 1835" by Sir George Back. "Soixante quinze ans Le Postulate" by Father Broullard(?). "History of Fort Resolution" by David Smith; "Fur Trade Posts of the Northwest Territories, 1870- 1970" by Peter Usher." "Explorations in the Far North" by Frank Russell. "The Nearing North" by Freeman Lewis. Includes stories about Francois Beaulieu (Old King Beaulieu). The following books were available through the Manitoba Metis Federation Press: "Famous Manitoba Metis," "Six Metis Communities," "A Social History of the Manitoba Metis,"
"Stories of the Metis," Questions and Answers Concerning the Metis," "The Metis: Canada's Forgotten People." Letter from A.G. MacKay on letterhead of MacKay, Hanley & Boyd [lawyers] to Frank Pedley the Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa, dated March 28, 1914 that informs the department that "the Indians around Fort Smith, Smith Landing, Chipewyan and
Fond du Lac, are being told that the government is about to put them onto Reserves and deprive them absolutely of their right to hunt and in other respects are agitating them. He says that the half-breeds, particularly of the Boldeau [Ray comments that it should be Beaulieu] family ... are busy stirring up trouble with the Indians. And he thinks the feeling is such now that it is not safe for a white man to be engaged in prospectors work etc. in that district ... " p.13-14 ****Various R.C.M.P. reports (1897, 1909, 1912, 1915) are discussed.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Adolph Mercredi in Yellowknife on February 4, 1977. The interviewer was Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Adolph's father, Victor Mercredi, was born on January 20, 1885 in Fort Chipewyan. Adolph's mother, Elizabeth Mandeville, was born in 1887 in Fort Resolution. There were 9 children born to Victor and Elizabeth. Twin brothers born in 1909 or 1910, Therese born in 1912, Adolph born in 1914 in Fort Chipewyan, Norbert born in 1916, Angelina born in 1918, Agnes born in 1921, Xavier born in 1922 and another brother born in 1930 (who only lived for 1 year). Adolph's paternal grandfather, Pierre Mercredi died in 1947. His paternal grandmother died in about 1952. His maternal grandfather was Michel Mandeville. His grandmother's name was Marie Fabien Mandeville. Adolph's paternal great. grandfather was Joseph McCarthy (the Mercredi name was originally McCarty or McCarthy). His paternal great grandmother was Mary Charlotte Laliberte, from Ile.-a-la-Crosse. She spoke Cree and Chipewyan. She died from the
Spanish Flu in 1922. Adolph married Martha Mcswain. Her parents names were Louise Cardinal and Johnny Mcswain. Adolph and Martha have 5 children: Louise, Josey, Evy, Bill and Nicolas. All were born in Fort Chipewyan except Evy was born in Fort Smith.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Elizabeth Mercredi in Fort Smith. The interviewers are Ray Price and Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Elizabeth was born in 1888 in St. Albert, about 9 miles out of Edmonton. Her parents were Alec Tourangeau and Louise Beaudry. Her mother died when she was six and her father went away after she died. He travelled with the McLeod brothers to Fort Simpson and then trapped out of there. Elizabeth didn't see him again until about a year before he died. She married Isadore Mercredi on April 27, 1908. They had 7 children, 2 of whom died. Her husband Isadore died in June of 1966. He was
two or three years older than Elizabeth. Elizabeth worked for the R.C.M.P. in the barracks as a guard from 1926-1960. ****Tape 2/84 is warped so it was only partly transcribed.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Louis Mercredi and John Evans in Fort Smith. The interviewer was Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Louis was born in 1894 in Fort Smith. His grandfather's name was Joseph Mercredi. Louis's father died in about 1932 at about 62 years old. He's buried in Fort Fitzgerald.

The file consists of a transcript of an oral history interview with Rosie Norwegian in Fort Norman (Tulita) on March 20, 1977. The interviewer was Joanne Overvold.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Rosie's grandfather, John Lennie, was born in Quebec City. His parents were born in Scotland and immigrated to Quebec City. John met his wife, an "Indian Chief's daughter of French and Indian [Cree?] parentage" in the late. 1800's. John was an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company and settled in the Milwausin District 40 miles west of Fort Edmonton in about 1895. The Lennie's had 5 boys and 3 girls: Dan, Bill, Albert, Andrew, Adolphus, Claira, Mary and Rosie: John died about 1918. Mrs. [John] Lennie died "in the early years." Rosie's father, Dan Lennie, came north about 1918. He married a woman in Fort Simpson and had 3 children (Dulph, Bella and Celine) but they all died. He came north to Fort Norman and married Adelle Menicho. They had 12 children: Alphonse (died), Johnny, Dulphus, Mary, Rosie (married name Norwegian), Alestine, Archie, Alfred, Morris (died), Phoebe, Joe, and Laura. Adelle (Menicho) Lennie died when Laura was born. [See Harriet Gladue interviews]. Adelle was 35 or 36 when she died. She was married at ·1-4 or 15. Dan Lennie died when he was 82 years old. He worked for the HBC first, then Northern Traders [Northern Trading Company] in Fort Norman. Spent most of his time in the bush, trapping. Rosie was born in 1922. Rosie's children included- Alvin, Rocky, Dougie, Mary, Irene. A book entitled "Hills of Hope," which was put out by the Hills of Hope Historical Committee in Spruce Grove, Alberta,·• contains a partial history of· the Lennie family.

The file consists of a transcript of an oral history interview with Ed Plante in Hay River on February 11, 1977. The interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Ed was born in 1918 in Grouard, Alberta. His father, Michel Plante was born in Manuch [?]. He was a half-.breed,· half French and half Cree. He died when Ed was about 6 years old. His mother, Marie Ferguson was born in Grouard. Marie and Michel had 4 boys and 4 girls. Ed thinks that his maternal grandfather might have come from Manitoba. He died during the 1918 Flu. His maternal grandmother was about 103 years old when she died, about 50 years ago (She died in 1927). She went through the Riel Rebellion. She was married twice. Her second marriage happened when she was in her 50's or 60's. She had 8 boys and 1 girl with her first husband (Ferguson.) Her married name after her second marriage was Giroux . She married a Chief from Kinuso, Alberta.
"There was one story she [Ed's grandmother Ferguson] always told me, the Metis was winning the battle and this Father Lacombe they trusted him quite well, the Metis did, and they were getting short of ammunition and Father Lacombe came over that evening and found out
about this. The next morning the Mounted Police attacked, as a matter a fact that they figured now is the time to do it, they got no ammunition."

The file consists of a transcript of an oral history interview with William Schaefer in Fort Smith. The interviewer was Mod Mandeville.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: William was born in Oregon in about· 1894. He was married to Elizabeth Laviolette on September 13, 1930. Elizabeth was married previously to Pierre Tourangeau. Elizabeth was born about 1906. Elizabeth's father was Pierre Laviolette. Her step father was Sousi King. Her mother's name was Sophie [doesn't know her maiden name.]

The file consists of the transcripts from an oral history interview with Victory Lafferty in Fort Providence on April 1972. Victor was the interpreter for Treaty 11 signed at Fort Providence in 1921. The interview was conducted by Liz Petrovitch, Father Lusson, and Robert Ross.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: "Victor Lafferty ... was the interpreter for the treaty [Treaty 11] signed at Providence in 1921. 11 He discussed what he understood the Treaty meant. Discussion also about scrip. . McKinna [?] was a half breed Commissioner. Walko [?] & Corty [?] also mentioned. Discussion about first plane in Fort Simpson. All the skis broke on landing. " ... Walter Johnson made the skies [skis] for them with old boards and mooseskin glue. Made the two skies [skis] for them and one of them flew to Peace River to get parts for the other." [Imperial Oil's Vic and Remy Junkers airplanes]

The file consists of what appears to be the narrative version of an oral history interview with Annie Tatson. Because the text starts in the middle of the page, some information for an unidentified woman is also included. Keith Crowe is identified as the source of the material.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Annie was born in 1906 in Fort Good Hope. Her maiden name was Naia. Her mother was a Slavey Indian from Fort Good Hope. Her father was a Loucheux Indian from Arctic Red River. She considers herself Slavey. She married Oliver Tatson in 1925.

The file consists of what appears to be the narrative versions of oral history interviews with Andre and Adele Zoe. Because the text ends in the middle of the page, some information for Isidore Fish is also included. Keith Crowe is identified as the source of the material.
Interview notes from 1992 Index: Andre thinks that he was born in Lac la Martre. Andre thinks that his father was either a half-breed or a
white. He doesn't know where his mother came from but his mother's father was the first person to build a house at Lac la Martre. Kahntifi was married to one of Edzo's sisters.

Transcripts of an interview with Sam Norn, conducted by Jeanette G. Mandeville for the Metis Heritage Association, March 19, 1992. Includes old time stories, life story , trapping stories, the Catholic Church, and school.

Transcripts of an interview with Dora Tourangeau, conducted by Sister Agnes Sutherland for the Metis Heritage Association, March 31, 1992. Includes life story.

Transcripts of an interview with Rene Mercredi, conducted by Sister Agnes Sutherland for the Metis Heritage Association, March 26, 1992. Includes life story.

The file consists of transcripts of oral history interviews. The first set of interviews were conducted by Andrea Zubko, Dave Miller, and Dolly Macleod while on the Metis Elders Mackenzie River Voyage on the M.S. Norweta July 1-12, 1996. Interviewees include Ernie Camsell, Art Furlong, Alex Lafferty, Frank Laviolette, Bill Laferte, Pat Tourangeau, Rosie Norwegian, and Greta Baetz. The second set of interviewes were conducted during the Elder's Conference held March 28-31, 1996. Interviewees include Ernestine Lennie and Agnes (Cardinal) Blake. Family trees and a list of boats are also included.