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The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Victor Mandeville at Fort Resolution. The interviewer was Mod Mandeville.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Victor was born on July 1, 1912 in Fort Resolution. His mother's name was Helen. She died when he was four years old. His father's name was Moise. He died in 1929, the year of the flu. There were 11 children in the family, 9 of whom died, leaving only himself and his sister. His grandfather "came from somewhere south." He did carpentry work. His wife's name was Albina Bouvier.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

Please note that the document uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage and outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples. We have reproduced these terms in the digitized document because they are part of the original historical record.

The file consists of a transcript of an oral history interview with Frank Norn in Hay River on February 9, 1977. The interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.

Please note that the interview uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage and outdated terms referring to Indigenous peoples. We have reproduced these terms in the digitized document and quoted interview notes below because they are part of the original historical record.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Frank's father, Charlie Norn, was born in Fort Resolution in 1876. He died October 27, 1952 or 1953. He was married to Julia Tapia of Hay River in 1902. Frank's mother, Julia; died November 28, 1963 Frank' s wife' s name was Mary or Marianne Tambour. She was born January 14, 1909 in Hay River. Her father's name was Jamie Tambour. Her mother's name was Marie Ettchedi. Frank was born January 27, 1904 in Hay River. Frank and Mary married in 1930. Frank thinks that his mother's mother had something to do with the fellow that started Hay River (Jean-Claire?)
Manuscript mentioned in interview: "Historical Sketch of the Origin[al?] Work of the Hay River Mission Great Slave Lake, N.W.T. 1893-1956." p,l ****Metis-Indian relations. "RAY: During the time that you've been in Hay River in the earlier days, there was no distinction made between those who were Indian or Metis? FRANK_: No nothing at all. RAY: When did you first notice a distinction? FRANK: ·Oh, just about 2 or 3 yrs back. RAY: You were always fully accepted as one of them? FRANK: Sure. JOANNE: Who do you think started that? FRANK: I couldn't tell you, I think it really started since the Land Claims started there, seems to be the Metis and the Treaty Indians arguing. That's when it really started. They used to all mix together and I never heard anyone saying you're an Indian and you're a half-breed. Everybody was friendly so about 3 or 4 yrs back, since they started talking about the Land Claims maybe one Metis thinks he's better than a Treaty Indian and I think that's when it came up cause it just spread out, I don't know what your opinion is, Rick Hardy started it when he was President of the Metis Association. They seem to have trouble with the Metis and Treaty."

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Louis Mercredi and John Evans in Fort Smith. The interviewer was Joanne Overvold.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Louis was born in 1894 in Fort Smith. His grandfather's name was Joseph Mercredi. Louis's father died in about 1932 at about 62 years old. He's buried in Fort Fitzgerald.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript of the Life Story of Jim Koe as told by Jim.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Jim Koe was born in 1905 (1901?]. Says that he is 76 years old. [One of the numbers is wrong because the tape was done in 1977]. He was 5 years old when his mother died. He had a brother Andrew who died while they were attending Mission school in Hay River. Place name in Loucheux [Gwich'in] for a famous and fairly big hill for caribou called "Odesez Odesez canez de ray (?) ." "Well my grandfather was quite a trapper, well off, and at that time the people were getting off their feet they had dry boats, and my grandfather had two schooners, he also had a store."

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Ed Jones on January 21, 1977 in Fort Smith. His wife and son occasionally add comments. The interviewer is Ray Price. The file also includes a family history summary.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Henry Jones, was born in Bristol, England in approximately 1864. He was in the British Merchant Navy and travelled all over the world before he came to Canada. He died in his 70's, about 1934. Mother, Chardette Sarcel, was of Slavey and Nahanni descent. She died in the 1928 Flu epidemic. Wife, Delphine Beaulieu, is the daughter of Louison Beaulieu. Her great great grandfather went with Alexander Mackenzie to the Pacific Ocean. Her mother was a Dosnoir from Fort Vermillion. Ed was born in 1900. Brothers and sisters, Dora (died), Alfred (died), Fred (died), and Henry.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript of four stories told by Joe Jerome to Mod Mandeville.

Please note that the PDF and interview notes below contain outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Stories: Story #1: A woman is captured by the Eskimo and taken back to their land and after a while she gives birth to a boy. She decides to run away and take her son with her. During her escape, she leaves her son because she is afraid that he will eventually kill her. Along the way, she discovers a shiny mineral deposit [copper?]. She puts some in her pack sack and while she is travelling leaves a sample on top of two hills and another on the shores of Great Slave Lake. When she rejoins her people, she shows them how to make knives and spears from the ore. Joe Jerome thinks that the samples on the shores of Great Slave Lake could be the mines in Yellowknife and the samples that she left on her way to the lake could be Discovery Mines and Coppermine. Story #2: A man by the name of Squirrel was captured by the Cree when he was hunting moose. He is taken to live with the Cree band for a while and is even given a wife. He is unhappy however and misses his wife and children and finally escapes and returns to his people. Story #3: About how a smart man was able to outwit an enemy in the winter using thin ice to his advantage. Story #4: Two boys go out hunting together, but only one of the brothers returns home. The story includes running into a family of giants, a mother and her two daughters (one called Weasel and the other called Mouse), and about landing in an eagle nest.

The file consists of notes on an oral history interview with Mrs. Leland on April 24, 1977 in Inuvik. The interviewers were Ray Price and Sue Look.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Enuch Moses, was from Old Crow. Her mother's name was Anne Stewart. "Mrs. Leland was born October 21, 1900. She is a first cousin of Sarah Simon. In 1916, Archdeacon Witticker [Whitaker?] married Jane to a fellow called Phillips, an Irishman working at Kittigazuit in the Hudson's Bay Company.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of three transcripts of oral history interviews with Victor Lafferty in Fort Providence. The first interview is undated and the interviewer was Joanne Burger. The second interview was on May 15, 1975 and the interviewer was Arthur Mercredi. The third interview was on February 14, 1977 and the interviewers were Joanne Overvold and Ray Price. The file also includes a family history summary.

Please note that the interview uses a derogatory term to refer to a person with mixed heritage and contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples. We have reproduced this term in the digitized document and quoted interview notes below because it is a part of the original historical record.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Boniface Lafferty, died when he was 74 years old. Mother, Madeleine Bouvier.
Grandmother, Catherine Beaulieu. Victor was born in Fort Liard in 1887. He has 10 children.
Grandfather, Louison Lenoir (Lafferty). Father, Boniface Lafferty, was born at Winnipeg, Red River. Mother, Madeleine Bouvier. Victor was born January 4, 1887 in Fort Liard. He was married in 1912 to Mary Rose Mandeville. Victor's Aunt Monique was the wife of Johnny Berens.
Victor got married in 1912. Victor's wife, Mary Rose Mandeville, died in 1938.
The Lafferty's were called Lenoir originally. "The name was Lenoir, yah. I knew when they change it the name but I couldn't say what, how old I was. At the Mission they were all French and they couldn't spell the name like we spell it. They say that's an Irish name. So when they write our name Lafferty it was just L-a-f-e-r-t-e. Laferte. But the real, the right way is the way we spell it now. Lafferty." They kept all the half-breeds in the country, the Hudson Bay keep them see. And then they used them in the summer on the barges, York boats you know. (Break in tape) Steam boat, just the York boat." . "I got on the boat and went to McPherson, to Arctic Red. Well, then the boys, when we got to Good Hope, the boatmen, all these half-breeds from way up at Athabasca Landing, they all come down to look after the freight and the scows, you know. They were all down with us. And when we got to Good Hope, there was a cabin there, so they want to dance and they got, they got into there, a little shack. They start to dance. They[We?] couldn't go inside to look at them, so we got on the roof and we took the stovepipe out and there we looked at them."

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Joe Lafferty on February 18, 1977 in Fort Simpson. The interviewers are Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, was born in Liard and then worked at Nelson.
WAGE EMPLOYMENT: pilot; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: fireman; TRANSPORTATION: York boat; HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY: boats; BOAT NAME: S.S. Pioneer; BOAT NAME: S.S. Distributor; BOAT NAME: David McPherson; BOAT NAME: Arctic Lady; BOAT NAME: Bottom Lake; BOAT NAME: Lady of Rhodes(? Lourdes]; BOAT NAME: George Lake; BOAT NAME: N.D. de la Providence; WWII: Canol Road; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: hauling freight; GOLD: claims; ALCOHOL: bootleggers; BOAT NAME: McKinnon; BOAT NAME: Lindberg; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: cooking; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: wages; WWII; HISLOP AND NAGLE; ARTIFACTS; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: construction; DISEASE: TB; IMPERIAL OIL; OIL

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Napolean and Ed Lafferty on January 17, 1977 in Fort Resolution. The interviewers are Joanne Overvold and Ray Price.

Interview notes from 1992 Index:Ed was born on October 27, 1922. His mother's name was Catherine Beaulieu. His father, Napolean, was born in Fort Norman on July 18, 1889. His brothers include, Jonas, Jim, Henry and Philip. Ed's grandfather, Alexi Lafferty, traded for Hislop and Nagle. He was born in Fort Rae and died at 65 years old in Fort Simpson.
Mrs. Annie McQuain [Anna McQueen] (a white woman) had her own trading post in Rat River in the 1940's. She married Star Beck and then Dan McQuain [Dan McQueen]. Napolean recounts a story told to him by his father about a Hudson's Bay Company clerk who wanted to strike it rich. He found gold but died in the process. He was too busy getting gold and didn't look after himself. The HBC manager in Simpson sent a search party and they found him and the gold, and that was the start of the gold rush west of the Mackenzie River.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript of an oral history interview with Alice Hardy in Fort Norman (Tulita). The interviewer is Joanne Burger. The file also includes a transcript of a tape provided by Alice Hardy of her memories and a family history summary.

Please note that the PDF and interview notes below contain outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father, Timothy Charles Gaudet. Born in 1863 in Fort Good Hope. Died in 195'1 at 88 years old._ Mother, Sarah Hardisty. Born in Fort Simpson. Died at 62 years old. Alice was born in 1912 in Fort Wrigley. Alice's husband, Jack Hardy, was born in 1902 in Antigonish, Nova Scotia.
EDUCATION: Edmonton (St. Boniface); HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY: employment; HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY: store goods; TRAPPING; MOUNTAIN INDIANS; BUSH ECONOMY: bush foods; EDUCATION: language; EDUCATION: first school (1948); EDUCATION: Treaty Indians; EDUCATION: Metis; COMMUNITY: description; CROSS CULTURAL RELATIONS: Metis-Indian; POSTAL SERVICE: dog team; POSTAL SERVICE: airplane; TREATY 11; SCRIP; ESKIMO: RCMP detachment; TABOOS: women; BUSH ECONOMY: bush life; BUSH ECONOMY: seasonal cycle; DISEASE: TB; TRANSPORTATION: barge; TRANSPORTATION: birch bark canoe; TRANSPORTATION: horse; TRAPPING: fur prices; RADIO STATION: 1930; R.C.C.S.; ELDORADO MINE; MUSIC: fiddlers; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: cutting wood; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: hospital; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: road building

The file consists of the transcript of interviewer Ray Price reading Sarah Anne Gardlund's notes on her memories of Aklavik while at her home in Aklavik.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Grandfather's name, John Firth. Father's name, Jim Firth. Sarah Ann got married in 1938.
COMMUNITY: history; HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY: traders; BUSH ECONOMY: seasonal cycle; NORTHERN TRADERS; HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY: boats; TRANSPORTATION: dog team; HOSPITAL; DISEASE: TB; DISEASE: typhoid; FIRE: boat; ANGLICAN MISSION: education; ANGLICAN MISSION: hospital; ANGLICAN MISSION: church; RC MISSION: education; RC MISSION: hospital; RC MISSION: church; ARMY: 1923; EDUCATION: Shingle Point; NAVY; TRAPPING; HOTEL; TRANSPORTATION: horse; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: hotel work; WAGE EMPLOYMENT: hospital; GAMES: running; WOMEN: hunting; WOmeN: trapping; TRAPPING: .fur farm;· DOMESTIC . ANIMALS: chickens

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript from an oral history interview with Ned Fraser in Hay River on February 10, 1977. The interviewers are Ray Price and Joanne Overvold. The file also includes a family history summary.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Ned was born in Fort Chipewyan in 1912. Father's name, Roderick Fraser. He died in Edmonton and was buried in Fort Chipewyan in 1953 or 1954 at 76 or 77 years of age. Mother's name, Elizabeth Loutitt. She died when Ned was quite young. There were 13 in the family when she died- {he was the 4th) and the "old man couldn't look after us. So they sort of scattered us out." Maternal grandfather, Peter Loutitt. Maternal grand- mother, Eliza Loutitt. Paternal grandfather, Colin Fraser. He was a trader and descendent of the Colin Fraser who was a Piper for George Simpson. Horace Wiley has the bagpipes in Fort Chipewyan. Ned remembers when they brought the buffalo [bison] down on the barges to Fort Chipewyan in 1923-1925.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

The file consists of the transcript from an oral history interview of William Firth and Sarah Simon in Fort McPherson on April 20, 1977. The interviewers are Ray Price and Sue Look [Sarah's daughter].

Please note that the PDF and interview notes below contain outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

Interview notes from 1992 Index: Father - died May 1939 at 86 years old. He left Scotland when he was 19 years old and arrived in the Mackenzie River area in 1872. Also worked in the Yukon. He was a Hudson's Bay Company manager. Mother, Margaret Stewart or Stuart - died about 1943. Mother's father was from Iowas, Scotland. Mother's mother, Ivy Liluaen [?] was Loucheux. William's siblings - Joselyn, Margaret, James, Catherine, Joanne, Annie, Henry, Fred, Ellen
Ray's summary of one of William's stories. In the spring, the Indians [Mountain Indians? - mentions moose skin boats] and the Eskimo who came in from the coast, would meet at Fort McPherson. The Eskimo would stay under the bank and the Indians were higher up the hill and farther away. Both the Anglican Mission and the Hudson's Bay Company would keep watch at night. "One method used to prevent any hostility of exploding in to something bad between the Eskimos and Indians in those days was a free for all football game, that was played, Eskimos on one side and the Indians on the other side. The Hudson Bay Company would put up as a prize maybe a pound of tobacco or something like that. Apparently, according to William, there weren't any rules attached to this game, it was just every man for himself. There must have been some pretty good games. (laugh) There were shirts torn up and parkas torn up but nothing terribly serious." "William says one of the things that is interesting, he says, is that when they (the Indians) moved out they always cleaned out the place up completely. The brush they used for sleeping on was cleaned up and burned, the whole camp was left in a neat and orderly fashion. When they moved away this is what happened.

Records consist of one unpublished paper "Indian Tribal Courts in the United States: A Model for Canada?" The paper is 66 pages long, and was produced for delivery at the Native Law Centre. It was written by B.W. Morse, a professor at the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law in 1979.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

Radiotelegraphs from Edmonton to Fort Simpson. These telegraphs provided brief bulletins of international, national, and regional news. The bulletins date from June 1st to June 22, [1931] Radiotelegraph July 27, and usually include a Commercial Airways Log. Some items include: radium mining work at Great Bear Lake area by McDonough and Spence; invention of burglar-proof lock; overdue pilot Punch Dickens; copper ore deposits at Dismal Lake near Great Bear Lake; first truck at Churchill, MB.

Please note that the PDF contains outdated terminology referring to Indigenous peoples.

This item is a recording of an interview conducted by George Simeon in 1982-1984 with George Washington Porter. In this recording, Porter discusses his experience whaling on ships throughout Alaska and the Siberian Coast. He discusses the process of making muktuk and the uses of blubber. Porter also discusses the difference between home accommodations of Inuit in Alaska and Inuit in Siberia. He accounts his time as a reindeer herder for Louman Brothers. and recalls Laplanders in Siberia herding reindeer and having reindeer races. He also discusses Laplanders parading reindeer with Inuit from Alaska in Philadelphia and Baltimore in the United States. Porter recalls whaling and huting walrus around Banksland, Herrold Island and Cape Elizabeth and what the Inuit did with the whale and walrus. Inuit men would sell seal grease oil prsssed in tanks when they went on the ship to America. Later, American ships would have Inuit sail with them to hunt and skin walruses.

Figure 24. One of the better Eskimo [Inuit] houses. Note the porch and washing machine inside. [Tuktoyaktuk]