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Corporate body

The federal Department of the Interior was established on May 3, 1873, absorbing some of the functions of the former Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces. The department was established to administer and develop the newly acquired territories in the West. It included a Surveys Branch, which was responsible for surveying and mapping and in 1922 a Northwest Territories and Yukon Branch was organized to administer the northern territories. The Surveys Branch was renamed the Technical Branch in 1883, and in 1890 the Topographical Surveys Branch. On June 23, 1936, the Department of the Interior amalgamated with the Department of Mines and the Department of Immigration and Colonization to form a new Department of Mines and Resources.

Corporate body

In 1922, the Royal Commission on Reindeer and Musk-ox recommended the establishment of experimental reindeer herds in selected regions in Canada's north. Following the submission of this report, the federal government made arrangements to purchase a herd of reindeer from Alaska and on March 6, 1935, control of the herd was transferred to the Canadian government. In 1932, the federal government established an Inter-departmental Committee on Reindeer Policy to assist in the administration of reindeer herding activities. In 1933, this committee was renamed the Inter-departmental Reindeer Committee. The Committee consisted of representatives from a number of federal agencies, including the Northwest Territories Council, the National Museum, the Dominion Lands Administration, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the Department of Indian Affairs, the National Parks Branch and the Department of Agriculture as well as various expert guests.

Corporate body

From 1905 to 1967, the administration of the Northwest Territories was the responsibility of several different federal departments. From 1922 to 1953, various versions of the Northwest Territories and Yukon Branch were administered by the Department of the Interior (1922-1936) and the Department of Mines and Resources (1937-1953). During these years, this administration was run almost exclusively from Ottawa. In 1953, the branch concerned with the administration of the Northwest Territories, known at that time as the Northern Administration and Lands Branch, transferred to the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources. The Northern Administration and Lands Branch expanded rapidly in the 1950s and in 1959 it was renamed the Northern Administration Branch. This coincided with a reorganization of the responsibilities handled by the Branch. The responsibility for northern affairs was divided into six divisions: 1) Territorial Division; 2) Education Division; 3) Industrial Division; 4) Welfare Division; 5) Resources Division and 6) Engineering Division. In conjunction with this reorganization, a program of decentralization of the field operations of the Northern Administration Branch was enhanced by the creation of two new regional offices. The Administrator of the Mackenzie was stationed in Fort Smith, while the Administrator of the Arctic, stationed in Ottawa, was responsible for the Districts of Keewatin and Franklin, as well as Inuit affairs in arctic Quebec. In 1966, the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development supplanted the Department of Northern Affairs and Natural Resources. In 1967, Yellowknife was established as the capital of the Northwest Territories and the transfer of responsibilities from the Northern Administration Branch to the Government of the Northwest Territories began. The transfer rendered the Northern Administration Branch obsolete and during 1968, the Territorial Relations Branch replaced it.

Corporate body

The Office of the Chief Electoral Officer was a federal agency that was created in 1920 and reported to Parliament via the President of the Privy Council. In 1980, the name of the agency was changed to Elections Canada.

Corporate body

In 1967, a Royal Commission, authorized under The Inquiries Act, Part One, investigated and reported on the administration of justice in the Hay River area. The investigation was authorized following allegations that not all individuals were receiving equal treatment in the courts, that the courts were not open to the public and that the press was being censured on matters concerning the proceedings in the courts. The Commissioner for the inquiry was the Honourable W.G. Morrow.

Corporate body

In 1978 the Canadian Association of Smelter and Allied Workers (CASAW) signed the majority of Yellowknife gold miners into their membership.

Corporate body

The Yellowknife Branch of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy was organized in October 1945 and held their first regular meeting at the Negus Mine in November of the same year. The J. G. McNiven was the founding Chairman, with J. D. Bateman as Vice Chair, Dr. Neil Campbell as Secretary-Treasurer, and W. J. Tought, H. C. Giegerich, and W. J. Hacker also on the operating committee. The other charter members included J. C. Kingston, H. B. Denis, A. K. Muir, J. M. Wilson, C. E. Anderson, and John Anderson-Thomson. The Branch also established a Safety Committee to promote mine safety and a Legislative Committee to examine NWT Legislation and suggest amendments. The Branch held monthly meetings, usually with a presentation component. They also ran an annual prospector’s course with instructors drawn from their membership and Yellowknife geological professionals, held an annual social ball, and participated in special events, including hosting a visit from the Governor General in 1947.

The Canadian Institute for Mining and Metallurgy was established as the Canadian Mining Institute in 1898 by an Act of Parliament. Their name changed in 1920 to Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and, more recently, in 1990 to Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. The Yellowknife Branch is still active.

Corporate body

The Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW) is a national non-governmental organization founded in 1976 as a response to International Women's Year. CRIAW is committed to advancing the position of women in society, to encouraging research about the reality of women's lives and to affirming the diversity of women's experiences. CRIAW provides the following: publication of women-centered research; sponsoring an annual scholarship in women's history; sponsoring a national theme conference every two years in a different part of the country; recognition of feminist scholars through a program of prizes and awards; operation of a resource center; and provision of a tri-annual Newsletter to members. CRIAW is a bilingual membership-based organization run by a volunteer Board of Directors elected from each province and territory. Members include independent researchers, students, academics, policy-makers, journalists, community activists and women's centers. CRIAW receives funding from the Women's Program and Status of Women Canada. Additional funding is derived from memberships, sale of publications, research contracts and from donations. The organization is a registered charity. In 1989, the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW) held their 13th annual conference in Yellowknife. This was their first northern conference, and the theme of the conference was "Making Connections." Speakers from across Canada participated in the conference, however many of the speakers and participants were from the Northwest Territories and the Yukon. Many of the sessions focused on northern issues including daycare in the north, traditional healing methods, Inuit midwifery and educational opportunities in the north.

Canalaska Trading Co.
Corporate body

The Canalaska Trading Company Ltd. was formed in 1926 as a limited Canadian corporation with its home office in Vancouver, British Columbia. Its main business activity was the establishment of seasonal trading posts in Canadian Arctic coastal communities. C.T. Pedersen, the Manager, hired people to run the posts, where goods were sold or traded for furs. The company was associated with the Northern Whaling and Trading Company.

Carmichael, James
Person

James M. Carmichael worked with mining exploration groups in the Yellowknife area in the late 1930s. In 1940, he moved to Yellowknife with his wife Helen to work at Con Mine as a mechanic in the machine shop. Their daughter Reva was born in Yellowknife early in 1942; later that year the family left Yellowknife.

Carroll, John
Person

John Carroll was an engineer who surveyed the north in 1938 to establish astronomical fixes and set survey monuments to aerial photographic mapping. Among the sites he visited was Franklin's winter camp at Fort Enterprise.

Carrothers, Winona
Person

Winona Orr Carruthers (nee Orr) began teaching school at Saint Peter's Anglican Mission in Hay River when she was 18 years old. She taught there between 1903 to 1909. The mission was established in 1893 by the Reverend Thomas Jabez Marsh. It contained a boarding school for approximately 40 students from a variety of linguistic groups including Chipewyan, Slavey, Dogrib, Yellowknives, Dunne-za, Mountain Dene and Gwich'in. Approximately ten years later, a church and hospital were added to the boarding school. The Anglican Church received a subsidy from the Federal Government for each student at the mission and by 1906 there were 30 students enrolled in the school. Topics taught at the school included reading, writing, arithmetic, composition, grammer, geography, dictation, literature, history and the Holy Scripture, as well as occasional lessons in the students native languages, both in Syllabics and Roman Orthography.

Carseen, Dorothy
Person

Dorothy (Chocolate) Carseen was born in 1959 and raised on the land near Gameti. After going to high school in Yellowknife, she worked at Native Press as a photographer and photography editor [1984-1990], as well as photographer at Press Independent [1990-1993], and editor at Northern Star [1993]. She was also a founding member of NIIPA, the Native Indian/Inuit Photographers' Association. Dorothy used her time away from her photography jobs to return to traplines and camps to document contemporary camp and community life.

Person

Franklin (“Frank”) Thomas Carter was born in Guelph, Ontario in 1915. He trained as a welder. He found work with Horton Steel building corvettes for the Royal Canadian Navy in Hamilton, Ontario in 1939. Frank tried to enlist in 1941 during wartime but was turned down for medical reasons. Instead, he and his brother Ralph followed war work with the steel company, including a job building oil tanks at the Canol Project in Norman Wells in 1942-1943. He later worked on ship construction throughout Ontario as well as in Calgary and Halifax before settling in Waterloo, Ontario in September 1944. After a successful career in welding, and later motorcycle and vehicle welding and repair, Frank died of congestive heart failure on September 1, 1985.